Like so many early Christmas carols, it was a direct response to the church music of the 15th century. In the earliest known publication of the carol, c. 1760, it's described as a "new Christmas carol", suggesting its origin is actually mid-18th century.
Today, there's confusion over the meaning of the first line, which seems pretty archaic to our modernized ears. It's generally seen as "God rest ye merry, gentlemen", so it's not saying "merry gentlemen." "Rest" means "keep or make" with "you" as the object of "rest". Basically, the first line means, "God make you happy, gentlemen", if I interpreted it right. :)
God rest ye merry, gentlemen,
let nothing you dismay,
Remember Christ our Savior was
born on Christmas Day;
To save us all from Satan’s power
when we were gone astray.
O tidings of comfort and joy, comfort and joy;
O tidings of comfort and joy.
In Bethlehem, in Israel, this blessed
Babe was born,
And laid within a manger upon
this blessed morn;
The which His mother Mary did
nothing take in scorn.
Refrain
From God our heavenly Father
a blessèd angel came;
And unto certain shepherds
brought tidings of the same;
How that in Bethlehem was
born the Son of God by name.
Refrain
“Fear not, then,” said the angel,
“Let nothing you affright
This day is born a Savior
of a pure Virgin bright,
To free all those who trust in Him
from Satan’s power and might.”
Refrain
The shepherds at those tidings
rejoiced much in mind,
And left their flocks a-feeding
in tempest, storm and wind,
And went to Bethl’em straightaway
this blessed Babe to find.
Refrain
But when to Bethlehem they came
where our dear Savior lay,
They found Him in a manger
where oxen feed on hay;
His mother Mary kneeling unto
the Lord did pray.
Refrain
Now to the Lord sing praises
all you within this place,
And with true love and brotherhood
each other now embrace;
This holy tide of Christmas
all others doth deface.
Refrain
God bless the ruler of this house,
and send him long to reign,
And many a merry Christmas
may live to see again;
Among your friends and kindredthat live both far and near-
That God send you a happy new year, happy new year,
And God send you a happy new year.
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